The Stagnation of the Islamic Women's Organization Movement in the Swirl of Gender Stereotypes: Social Contribution in the Midst of Political Change

Abstract

Examining Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Banyumas Regency, this study looks at how Islamic women's organizations have stagnated in Indonesia in the face of shifting political environments and enduring gender norms. Although these groups make important societal contributions, they face challenges in extending their impact beyond conventional gender norms. The research seeks to examine the role of gender stereotypes on the activities and political involvement of Muslimat NU, with a focus on the conflict between their societal effects and their constrained political power. The study utilized a qualitative methodology, involving in-depth interviews with 20 leaders and members of Muslimat NU, three focus group discussions, and thorough review of relevant documents for a period of six months. The findings indicate that the programs of Muslimat NU primarily strengthen conventional gender norms, with a particular emphasis on education, healthcare, and social welfare. Although these programs fulfill important community needs, they unintentionally reinforce gender stereotypes, which restricts the organization's ability to challenge established power dynamics. Although Muslimat NU has a large number of members, their involvement in politics is limited due to internal hesitations and external patriarchal restrictions. This study enhances our comprehension of the intricate dynamics between religious identity, gender norms, and political engagement in countries where Muslims form the majority. It sheds light on the difficulties encountered by women's organizations in converting social connections into political power.