Social Sciences (Miscellaneous): Categories of Morality and Ethics in Modern Dominant Socio-Philosophical Concepts

Abstract

Annotation. This article is devoted to the analysis of the categories of morality and ethics in the modern socio-philosophical concepts dominating in the world. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the concepts of "morality" and "ethics" as socio-philosophical categories and as phenomena of social reality. In particular, morality in the work is understood as a set of ideas accepted in a particular society (which can be formalized in the form of regulations, legal customs and judicial precedents, or reflected in traditions, folklore, linguistic culture and other stable forms of social communication) about possible and acceptable boundaries of human behavior and his relationship to the surrounding reality (primarily society, man and nature), through the prism of which a person manifests himself as a thinking being with freedom of internal choice. In turn, ethics in work is understood as the internal side of morality, which is formed in a person in the process of interiorization of his psyche, which is a set of ideas conscious and accepted by a given person about the possible and acceptable boundaries of his behavior, as well as about his relationship to the surrounding reality (material and the immaterial world). The article substantiates the concept of a dominant socio-philosophical concept and provides a system of features identifying it.  The authors analyze current trends in the positioning of the concepts of "morality" and "ethics" in the main socio-philosophical concepts dominant in the modern world: neoliberalism; neoconservatism; liberalism; conservatism; neo-anarchism; neo-marxism; marxism (proletarian internationalism); anti-globalism; alter-globalism; global constitutionalism; Islamic radical fundamentalism; Shiism; Sunnism, traditional and Orthodox Judaism, Chabadism. The work substantiates the position that the processes of globalization, which currently cover all of humanity, lead to an extremely negative tendency to smooth out contradictions regarding the ideas of the dominant socio-philosophical concepts on the model of man within their framework, one of the typifying features of which is the formation in human society of a new morality (an anti-moral person), whose behavior and attitude to the surrounding reality is increasingly determined by the system of his desires and needs, which, in turn, are increasingly formed in a manipulative manner by the global managing elites represented by the global managing class, without having any relation to the real needs of both individual citizens and society as a whole, ensuring their preservation and full development as rational, self-aware and free individuals.