Governing in a Hybrid Space: The Nexus of Islam, Culture, and Power in Probolinggo, East Java

Abstract

Probolinggo, East Java, represents a hybrid space where Islam, local culture, and political power intersect, shaping socio-political dynamics. The region blends Javanese and Madurese traditions, fostering flexibility in religious practices and political strategies. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines historical, socio-cultural, and religious factors influencing leadership and governance. Findings reveal that political legitimacy is shaped not only by democratic mechanisms but also by religious and cultural authority. Pilgrimages to religious graves and affiliations with pesantren play vital roles in political networking and community relations. This study argues that Probolinggo's hybridity offers a model for understanding the interplay of Islam, culture, and power in local democracy. It highlights how religious and cultural flexibility serves as a political strategy to maintain legitimacy in governance. This research contributes to discussions on multicultural societies and governance in Indonesia and similar contexts.